In this work we provide the foundation for computational imaging with metamaterial apertures based on frequency diversity, and establish that for resonators with physically relevant factors, there are potentially enough distinct measurements of a typical scene within a reasonable bandwidth to achieve diffractionlimited reconstructions. Nov 17, 2015 we present a dynamic metamaterial aperture for use in computational imaging schemes at microwave frequencies. Pdf we demonstrate a lowprofile holographic imaging system at millimeter wavelengths based on. For instance, take the relationship between wood and light. Coded computational imaging carnegie mellon school of. Aug 01, 20 metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on the physical layer. Related research several academic and industrial research teams around the world are developing a variety of computational cameras. Propagating waves through a single metamaterial layer cir cumvents many of the problematic. Security screening via computational imaging using frequency. Dynamically reconfigurable holographic metasurface aperture.
Tuning the response of the metamaterial allowed imaging of a scene with. Design considerations for a dynamic metamaterial aperture. Each metamaterial element contains two diodes connected to an external control circuit such that the resonance of the metamaterial. This constraint makes scaling of computational imaging systems inherently. Metasurfaces, a more practical outgrowth of metamaterials research, are appealing for imaging applications for several reasons. By leveraging metamaterials and compressive imaging, a lowprofile aperture capable of microwave imaging without lenses, moving parts, or phase shifters is. We consider a contactless sensor that illuminates its surroundings with microwave illumination shaped by a programmable metasurface. Machinelearning reprogrammable metasurface imager nature. Metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging. Sparse recovery and psf engineering bob plemmons wake forest university emeritus imaging, vision and learning based on optimization and pdes bergen norway 2016. Smith1, 3 abstractthe resolution of a frequency diverse compressive metamaterial aperture imager is. Dynamically reconfigurable holographic metasurface aperture for a millscross monochromatic microwave camera okan yurduseven, 1, daniel l.
Singlefrequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging, science, 18. Smith 1 1department of electrical and computer engineering, duke university, durham, north carolina 27708, usa 2xlim research institute, university of limoges, 87060 limoges, france. Computational imaging massachusetts institute of technology. The dynamic aperture consists of a microstrip transmission line with an array of radiating. A framework for analysis of computational imaging systems kaushik mitra, oliver cossairt, ashok. Smith1,4 by leveraging metamaterials and compressive imaging, a lowprofile aperture capable of microwave imaging without lenses, moving parts, or phase shifters is demonstrated. In 2015, sleasman and colleagues presented a dynamic metamaterial aperture designed for microwave computational imaging schemes by leveraging a metamaterial element with two diodes connected to an. We present a dynamic metamaterial aperture for use in computational imaging schemes at microwave frequencies. We discuss the design and operation of a metamaterial imaging system and demonstrate reconstructed images with a 10. Novel metamaterial vastly improves quality of ultrasound imaging. In these approaches, termed computational imaging, spatiallydistinct waveforms can be used to interrogate a scenes spatial content, with computational techniques used to reconstruct the image.
Traditionally, the rf fields are produced by resonant structures coils which can only. Dynamic metamaterial aperture for radio and millimeter. Since the early 2000s, metamaterials have emerged as a rapidly growing interdisciplinary area, involving physics, electrical engineering. Aperture access and manipulation for computational imaging. Intelligent electromagnetic sensing with learnable data. These contributions are realized in the concept of a frequencydiverse metamaterial imaging system that will be presented in this thesis. Resolution of the frequency diverse metamaterial aperture imager. Dynamic metamaterial aperture for radio and millimeter wave satellite imagery. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging science. The imaging system demonstrated here is based on an array of metasurface panels, as indicated in fig. Frequencydiverse microwave imaging using planar mills. The aperture consists of an array of complementary, resonant metamaterial elements patterned into the upper conductor of a microstrip line. According to an aspect, an imaging system includes metamaterial elements being spaced apart and configured to respond to an electromagnetic field for radiating in a predetermined pattern to illuminate a scene. This designer aperture allows image compression to be performed on the physical hardware layer rather than in the.
Imani1, hayrettin odabasi1, jonah gollub1,guylipworth1, alec rose2, and david r. Metamaterials and imaging nano convergence full text. Uc berkeley scientists have found a way to overcome one of the main limitations of ultrasound imaging the poor resolution of the picture. The metamaterial, shown here, is made of paper and aluminum but its structure allows it to manipulate acoustic waves to more than double the. Measurement matrix analysis and radiation improvement of a. The design of a compact metamaterial ultrawideband uwb antenna with a goal towards application in microwave imaging systems for detecting unwanted cells in human tissue, such as in cases of breast cancer, heart failure and brain stroke detection is proposed. Computational imaging has become an important eld, as a merger of both algorithms and physical experiments.
Pdf large metasurface aperture for millimeter wave. This program proposed to exploit emerging advances in the fields of metamaterials and computational imaging to yield enhanced dynamic apertures for millimeterwave, spacebased imaging. Ieee transactions on computational imaging, 184193. Duke university student john hunt with colleagues presents a kband 1826ghz imaging system that uses metamaterial based mask instead of lens. The quality of the reconstructed psf is of particular interest, especially in the presence of noise, since it is desirable to use as few measurement modes as possible to enable fast acquisition times. Frequencydiverse microwave imaging using planar millscross cavity apertures okan yurduseven, jonah n. Metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on the physical layer. In recent research trends, the modern computational imaging paradigms, including coded apertures 8, singlepixel imaging 9, and frequencydiverse imaging 10, have shown to be capable of. Dynamic metamaterial apertures can potentially be of benefit in microwave or millimeter wave systems such as those used in security screening and throughwall imaging. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging john hunt,1,4 tom driscoll,1,2,4 alex mrozack,3 guy lipworth,1,4 matthew reynolds,4 david brady,4 david r. Novel metamaterial vastly improves quality of ultrasound. Typically such imaging systems place the sole burden of image formation on the optical frontend while the role of detector array is relegated to sampling and digitization of. They are made from assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from composite materials such as metals and plastics. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging request pdf.
A framework for the analysis of computational imaging systems. A framework for analysis of computational imaging systems. Computation inherent in image formation 1 computing is getting faster and cheaper precision physical apparatus is not 2 cant refract or re. Holographic and spotlight metamaterial apertures for microwave and millimeter wave imaging and methods of use are disclosed. By randomly distributing the metamaterials resonance frequencies, we show. As with any computational imaging system, realizing the full potential of the. Mti is a smart materials and photonics company specializing in metamaterial research, nanofabrication, and computational electromagnetics. These properties are exploited in designing functional components and devices for many potential applications. Researchers have been trying to make use of metamaterials in mri for a decade and now have achieved a substantial improvement in image quality for the first time, said shumin wang, ph. Large metasurface aperture for millimeter wave computational.
Coded aperture projection acm tog 2010 max grosse, gordon wetzstein, anselm grundhoefer, oliver bimber coding a projectors aperture plane with adaptive patterns together with inverse filtering allow the depthoffield of projected imagery to be increased. Lipworth g, mrozack a, hunt j, marks dl, driscoll t, brady d, smith dr. The synergy of these two technologies metamaterials and computational imaging allows for entirely novel imaging systems. This designer aperture allows image compression to be performed on the physical hardware layer rather than in the postprocessing stage, thus averting the detector, storage, and transmission costs associated with full. A guidedwave metamaterial aperture is used to perform compressive image reconstruction at 10 frames per second of twodimensional range and angle sparse still and video scenes at kband 18 to 26 gigahertz frequencies, using frequency diversity to avoid mechanical scanning. Review on microwave metamaterial structures for near. Tuning the response of the metamaterial allowed imaging of a scene with a 40. A guidedwave metamaterial aperture is used to perform compressive image reconstruction at 10 frames per second of twodimensional range and angle sparse still and. Advances in ultrafast optics and imaging applications guy satat a, barmak heshmat, nikhil naik, albert redosanchez a, and ramesh raskar amedia lab, massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge ma, usa abstract ultrafast imaging has been a key enabler to many novel imaging modalities, including looking behind corners. Students will gain an understanding of metamaterial and advanced antenna concepts by exploring archetypical, computational, problems relevant to current research. Metamaterial, an artificially structured material that exhibits extraordinary electromagnetic properties not available or not easily obtainable in nature. Smart devices must see and recognize objects and gestures in their surroundings as quickly as possible. New magnetic metamaterial could be used as an additive technology to increase the imaging power of lowerstrength mri machines, increasing the. Investigation of alignment errors on multistatic microwave imaging.
Although many advanced imaging functions are facilitated by providing external access to both aperture and image planes in cis1 and cis2, our major contribution is the external accessible apertures, for the way the intermediate image planes are formed is similar to previous work. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging abstract. Although it currently operates in the microwave region, a metamaterialbased computational imager from scientists at duke university and the university of californiasan diego ucsd could be engineered to operate at infrared ir and other photonic wavelengths. Advances in ultrafast optics and imaging applications. Metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on. Large metasurface aperture for millimeter wave computational imaging at the humanscale. Osa design considerations for a dynamic metamaterial. We introduce the concept of a metamaterial aperture, in which an underlying reference mode interacts with a designed metamaterial surface to produce a series of complex field patterns. Metamaterial imager eliminates lenses and moving parts. Recently, a frequencydiverse, metamaterialbased aperture has been introduced in the context of microwave and millimeter wave imaging. We demonstrate the use of the technology in standoff imaging using both transmission and reflection modes. Imaging based on frequencydiverse metamaterial apertures.
Researchers design intelligent metamaterial to make mris. Dynamically reconfigurable holographic metasurface. The recent theory of compressive sensing leverages upon the structure of signals to acquire them with much fewer measurements than was previously thought necessary and certainly well below the. Mtis pioneering technology platform enables us to manipulate light for a variety of outcomes. In the past decade, metamaterials have attracted a lot of attention because of their abilities to exhibit unusual electromagnetic properties. Oct 23, 20 simulations of 2d metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging abstract. Dynamic metamaterial aperture for microwave imaging. Applications in synthetic aperture imaging, phase retrieval, and digital holography. In this work we provide the foundation for computational imaging with metamaterial apertures based on frequency diversity, and establish that for resonators with physically relevant qfactors, there are potentially enough distinct measurements of a typical scene within a reasonable bandwidth to achieve diffractionlimited reconstructions of.
Mimo computational imaging with metasurface antennas queens. Metasurface apertures for computational microwave imaging. Measurement matrix analysis and radiation improvement of a metamaterial aperture antenna for coherent computational imaging article in applied sciences 79. By leveraging metamaterials and compressive imaging, a lowprofile aperture capable of microwave imaging without lenses, moving parts, or phase shifters is demonstrated. We investigate the imaging capabilities of a onedimensional, dynamic, metamaterial aperture that operates at the lower part of kband microwave frequencies 17. Simulations of 2d metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging abstract. Implementation and characterization of a twodimensional printed circuit dynamic metasurface aperture for computational microwave imaging. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging by john hunt, tom driscoll, alex mrozac, guy lipworth, matthew reynolds, david brady, david r. Propagating waves through a single metamaterial layer circumvents many of the problematic. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging john hunt, tom driscoll, alex mrozack, guy lipworth, matthew reynolds, david brady, david r. The transition is clearly not simple, as this technology needs further verification and validation so as to ensure in particular lossless compression of images is achievable and meaningful. Metamaterial imaging system for maritime security application 10 tom huynh, phd, center for. Dynamic metamaterial aperture for microwave imaging request pdf. Amit ashok optical imaging systems have evolved with the goal of producing an isomorphic measurement of a scene.
A metamaterial aperture operating as a leaky waveguide with resonating metamaterial irises can sweep its operation frequency to modify its complex field pattern with no moving parts. New metamaterial manipulates sound to improve acoustic imaging. Computational imaging coded aperture projection acm tog 2010. This proposed uwb antenna is made of four metamaterial unit cells, where each cell is an integration of a modified split ring. Active illumination with instantaneous image acquisition as a primary new. Duke university student john hunt with colleagues presents a kband 1826ghz imaging system that uses metamaterialbased mask instead of lens. Metamaterials for improving magnetic resonance imaging. Simulations of 2d metamaterial apertures for coherent. Microwave imaging sensor using compact metamaterial uwb. The generic form of the aperture is that of a parallel plate waveguide, in which complementary metamaterial elements patterned into the upper plate couple energy from the waveguide mode to the scene. Details about the metamaterial imager can be found in the article by j.
You probably recall the use of metamaterials in the constitution of flat lenses in plenoptic function sensing hacks. By leveraging metamaterials and compressive imaging, a. This 3d holeystructured metamaterial can improve the resolution of sonagraphy. Boston university researchers have developed a new, intelligent metamaterialwhich costs less than ten bucks to buildthat could revolutionize magnetic resonance imaging. Researchers are currently exploring the possibilities associated with an artificial type of matter called metamaterials naturally occurring matter exhibits behavior based on the molecules that make it up the atomic material that composes the finished product determines what properties the product will have. New metamaterial can improve mri quality and reduce scan. Frequencydiverse microwave imaging using planar millscross. A framework for the analysis of computational imaging systems with practical applications kaushik mitra, member, ieee, oliver s. By integrating the measurement process directly into the machinelearning pipeline that processes the data, we learn optimal illumination. Osa comprehensive simulation platform for a metamaterial. Mtis inhouse capabilities make it possible to create products capable of blocking light, absorbing light or enhancing light. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging pubag.
Thanks to such extraordinary optical properties, metamaterials have shown great potentials in many applications including waveguide 34, 35, artificial magnetism, spontaneous emission enhancement, and transformation optics 39, 40, and one of the most exciting applications is the diffractionfree imaging which is also called subdiffraction or superresolution imaging. The dynamic aperture consists of a microstrip transmission line with an array of radiating, complementary, subwavelength metamaterial irises patterned into the upper conductor. Design and simulation of a frequencydiverse aperture for imaging. Research has demonstrated cmosbased radio frequency imaging devices such as field effect transistors fets that can operate as broadband detectors of terahertz radiation 5. Oct 25, 2018 holographic and spotlight metamaterial apertures for microwave and millimeter wave imaging and methods of use are disclosed. Resolution of the frequency diverse metamaterial aperture. Implementation and characterization of a twodimensional printed. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging author. By robert sanders, media relations november 5, 2010. The arrangement of this metamaterial is truly groundbreaking and innovative. Jan 22, 20 bbc, wired, science magazine, science podcast. We are particularly interested in developing nextgeneration imaging systems that combine advances in hardware and software, although many of us also focus on purely algorithmic work and applied mathematics that have practical applications in imaging. Cossairt, member, ieee and ashok veeraraghavan, member, ieee f abstractover the last decade, a number of computational imaging ci systems have been proposed for tasks such as motion. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging dialnet.
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